Method and machine for making paper.



C. E. POPE.

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.I4,1918.

1,279,756. Patented Sept; 24,1918.-

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

CLE. POPE.

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR" I4 1918 Patented Sept. 24,1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES E. POPE, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNDR T0 GREAT NORTHERN PAPER COMPANY, OF MILLINOCKET, MAINE, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. Porn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Springfield, county of Hampden, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Imorovement in Methods and Machines for Making Paper, of which the following is a. specification.

This invention consists in a method of takin off an end portion of a moving paper web .rom one part of a paper makingmachine to which it is adherent and deflecting it toward and carrying it to another part, without breaking the delicate fabric, and in apparatus for the useof said method, and is applicable at all stages of the machine where such removal is desired, and the method is independent of any particular apparatus by which to accomplish the result.

One apparatus disclosing this method is disclosed in my application, Serial No. 178,730, filedJuly 5, 1917, in which said invention is shown and claimed in combination with a successful apparatus used in combination with the driers, for passing the pa per from one drier to another. My app1icatiou Ser. No. 224,746, filed March 26, 1918, shows other uses of my invention in other combinations. The present application is to cover the "broad process and a machine for using the same generally, and a method and appa atus. applied to the Fourdrinier wire.

My new process consists of forn'iinga liarrow end or lead strip of the moving paper web and'subjecting it to opposed blasts of air, directed from'opposite sides of the narrow strip against the edges of the strip in a transverse direction to the direction of progress of the strip through the machine, in such a manner that as the strip progresses the blasts of air pass between the paper and the roller or other portion of the n'iacl-iine to which it is adherent, and the two opposing currents meet under the paper and reacting against the roller or other portion of the machine over which the paper is passing, deflect the paper outwardly, with a minimum of tearing etfect, so that it will proceed by its own momentum in the desired directimnassisted by gravity or-such other guiding means as are desired. The width of thls lead piece 18 preferably about three Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 14, 1918. Serial No. 222,467.

Patented se t. 24, 1918.

inches at the Wire, but thewidth may be varied within rather wide limits.

I am aware that blasts of air have been heretofore used in connection with Fourdrinier machines for taking off the paper from one part of the machine to which it is adherent and carrying it to another. The method herein claimed is limited to the method described in this application and .parts of the machine shown in such described uses, nor so far as the process is concerned to themechanlsm by which the process 1s used.

Figures-1 to 5 show my invention applied at the wire of a Fourdrinier machine.

Figs. 6 and 7 show my invention applied at the press rolls.

Fig. 1 is a side view in perspective, showing the couch rolls, wire, and first felt of a Fourdrinier machine with my invention appliedto the same, with the air blast in opera: tion, the parts unnecessary to the understanding of my invention being omitted.

Fig. 2 is a side detail view, showing the lower couch roll, with the narrow lead strip of paper passing along the same before my invention has been placed in operation.

Fig. 3 is a plan detail of the nozzles at a couch roll, showing the preferred arrangeinent of the air nozzle. 1

Fig. 4 shows a modificationofthe apparatus in which the nozzles are arranged to be moved apart.

Fig. 5 is a detail view ofa part of the structure shown in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 shows in perspective apparatus embodymg my-invention applied to a pair of press rolls and felt of a paper making machine, with the first strip of paper passing through the press rolls,- as at the starting up of the machine or after a break and my machine arranged in correct relation thereto.

Fig, 7 is the same as Fig. 6, showing the apparatus in action.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 represents the lower couch roll. and 2 the upper couch roll of a Fourdrinier machine, and. 3 the papermak ing wire. 4 represents the web or sheet of paper passing through the machine. When the machine has been started and the paper web or sheet 4 is being 'formedon the paper making wire, it passes between the couch rolls and is removed from the wire after )assing around the roll by its ownweight or y a doctor, not shown, in the usual manner and passes with the other waste to be used again in the machine until the formation of the web is satisfactory to the machine tender. Arranged above the paperlnaki'ng wire, before it reaches the couch rolls, isa water pi e 5, having a nozzle 6,"tlir'ough which a ne stream of water may be'direeted against the web of paperupon the wire forming a well defined line of separation or path through the soft web, in'such'a man'- ner as to form a new end-po'rtion'on the web, including a long narrow lead str-i 7. This line of separation extends 'inwar from the edge of the web' for a short distance, and is produced by a correspondin transverse movement of the nozzle 6; and't ien extends in parallelrelation with said edge to form the long'narrow lead strip 7 and'isproduced 'by permitting the nozzle 6 to repose; and

then extends to the other edge'of the-web, completing the separation of the asteand the formation of the new end-portion. I "f This lead stri 7, like the remainder of the sheet 4, will ad ere to the wireand be carried to the waste toibe used "again in'the' inaf pass between the pipe 8 and the, couch roll 1. H

' To this "pipe I attach two branches, 10

- with sufficient force to remove the lead strip direction.

and 11, having nozzles 1'2 and 13, close to the couch roll and directed toward each other and toward the lead strip 7, passing between them and so arranged that when. air is. directed through the pipe 8, blasts will be jde-v livered from both nozzles between the lead strip Tand the wire about? the couch roll 7 from the wire and deflect it, in the desired In order to direct the air. blast at the exact pointwhere its center will pass move the strip as above described.

between the lead strip and the wire, the nozzles should aim slightly away from a .line drawn between their two points (see Fig. 3) the exact angle not being very material, rovided the blast is passed between the ead strip and the ire-from each nozzle to meet the blast from the other nozzle in the opposed relation above described and react or abut against the couch roll'and wire to restrip 7 may be started at its end ormay be the machine;

The

ruptured by thebla'sts of air which are dehv'ered with considerable velocity, thefafir pressure being maintained at say two to four pounds or other satisfactory pressure; The

strip 7 thus remo ed is forced awayff'r'oni'the wire by the o [)pos'ed blasts which meet under it and is .de ected'toward the felt 14 and, assi'stedby its momentumand gravity, lies down on that felt and is carried along by it.

'When the strip hasonce'b'ee-ncausedto lie down on the 'elt and pass on through-the machine, the air blast may be shut .o'fl"- until the narrow strip 7' has been ledcntirc'ly through'the machine, or if desired, it may be left in operation 'u ntil the full sheet. i sto be passed through the machine. In ractice, after the narrow strip 7 has been Isaiathe first pair of press"'rolls';TI prefer to Widen the leadstrip 7*by moving-the nozzle ti-tran'sbe arra'l'nge d -i-n any suitabl'e manner;

v is common on Fourdrinier machines.'and ma After the lead' strip has es-n passed, through the.

machine-and the opposedblast takeiifl has zles being more for" lssin the way, may 1 removed and --'repl'a'ced as 'desiredi ,F'oir is purpose pipe 8' issuppdrted on a; stantlartllj a clamping device 16, held in late b-ya nut. Thisnut iss'crewetliip tighuywhem pipe 8 and nozzles '12 and 13- in proper operar'ive; position when the apparatus is in use. \Vhen theoppos'ed blasts are no longer needed, the nut l'tis lobs'ened and the takeoff apparatus then falls into non-operative :position, as shown iii Fig.2. In order to perinit'this, I preferto "attach pipe 8 to "its:

supply by a flexible coupling 'of sufiicient e gth; 0b 'i' us ly', other suitable means of supporting theepparams in operative pesition an'd remoying itwhen no longer needed may be 'eni'ployedpr the apparat ma be permanently arranged The pi )e 8 should beiltep'tfree from-water,

and if this foi.|nd.difiicult,;a drainagefhol'e been used to the fullextent desired*,' tlie -i1oz H 1!), Fig. 4, maybe added, and when the eoin 5 pressed air is turned on this will clear. out the water without harm to the operation of If any'diflieulty is found in wideningo'ut the lead strip, for instance, if'the paper breaks when it isattemptedfito widen out the strip, the a r blast may be maintained-while the strip is so widened, and if desired, the

inner nozzlel -l may be arranged to be moved as the strip is widened, as-shown in Figs. 1; and, 5, or. in any. othermanner, so that said ing over. theflead strip'. s0 loner f n h sistance is found necessary. 'l hisarrangement-is also usefulin case it is desired to .vary the width of the leadstrip for any nozzle 13.11151} contini ie'to assist incarryreason.

. wire and passin at the start or a ter a break, isshown as 7.

.between the pre In practice I have not found it necessary to make use of this idea, as I find that after the lead strip is once carried over, the sheet may be widened out to its full width without theassistance of the air blast, but my lHOCllfiLiltlOll will be useful in case the paper is' more than usually fragile.

Referring to Fig. (5, a pair of press rolls are shown, 18, re 'n'esenting the upper press roll; and 19, the lower press roll. with the usual press roll felt 11 passing between them. The narrow strip of paper formed at the through the machine as by a valve 9, in proximity to the upper press roll, so that the lead strip 7 when sticking to the upper press roll will pass between the pipe 8 and the press roll 18. To this pipe 8 I attach two branches, 10 and 11, having nozzles 12 and 13, directed toward each. other and toward the lead strip 7, passingbetween them, and so arranged that when.

col'l'ipressed air is directed through the pipe 8, it will pass through both nozzles and be delivered as blasts therefrom, which enter between the lead strip 7 and the roll and deflect it in the desired direction. the case at the couch roll, the direction of the nozzles is determined by the requirement of passing the stream of air between the lead strip and the press roll in opposed relation, and this result canbest be obtained by directing the stream of air from the -noz zles in a line slightly toward the roll and away from a direct line between the two nozzles. (See Fig.3). The strip 7 broken by the air blast as above described or otherlifted free from the roll is forced away from the press roll by the opposed blasts which abut against each other under it, and is deflected toward the felt and lies down on and is carried along by it. This operation can be performed by an inexperienced attendant, with almost no training. IV hen the strip has once been caused to lie down on the felt and pass on through the machine, the air blast may be shut off and a broader and broader strip may be carried through the machine by widening the strip by the, nozzle 6 at the wire, as above described, until the whole width of the paper is carried along;

The foregoing represents merely one simple and efficient apparatus for the use of my method, but like results can be obtained by the direction of opposed blasts of air from any source whatever, or by any apparatus whatever in opposed relation transverse to the line of movement. of the narrow strip of web of" the paper machine,

in such a manner as to work between the paper and the roll or part of the machine with which the paper is in contact, so as to loosen its adhesion to such point ofcontact, and deflect t 1n the desired dlrection,

so that the two opposing blasts will meet or abut behind the narrow strip. andreacting against the back abutments formed by the roll or other material, will deflect the strip. outwardly and permit it to proceedby its own momentum, assisted by gravity, as de sired.

My machine is here shown as applied to the couch and the press rolls, but it may be used at any point of the machine where such takeoff action is desired; for instance. at any of the driers. (see my appli-ation Ser. No. 178,780, filed July 5, 1917) or in leading the paper to calenders, for which last-named purpose-I have devised a special apparatus,

which is the subject of a special a .)plication, filed March '26, 1918, SerialNo. 224,716. In short, with the aid of this little machine, which in practice I apply permanently at all points of the machine where an automatic takeoff is desired, the taking off and leading along of the paper is made simple and practi ally automatic. i

In practice I find it desirable to carry along the paperfrom each adhesion point as a. separate step under the eye of the ma- 1 chine tender; for instance the new sheet is first formed on the wire and allowed to drop under the machine in the usual manner until the formation of the sheet is satisfactory. The narrow lead strip of paper say 3 inchs in width is then formed and carried over to the press roll felt as above described,

but theair blast is not turned on at the first pair ofpress rolls until it is seen that the strip is coining to the felt properly formed and. accordingly the paper lead strip roll is upon the upper press roll of the first pair of press rolls until everything is running well to that point. I refer then to widen out the lead strip to a out 6 inchesby the squirt, when the air blast is turned on at the first pair of press rolls as above described and the lead strip passes to the next pair of press rolls' where the process is repeated, and

17 8,730, filed July 5, 1917, or any other suitable manner, by the aid of the air blast, and

ordinaril no air blast is required to cause it,

to pass romtlie first upper drier to the so on at the nextpair of press 7 rolls .and to the first drier. From the first lower drier to the first upper drier the lead second lower drier. I prefer in practice to let the lead strip pass to the doctor on the second lower drierv before turning on the air at that drier and so on step by step to each lower drier until the paper passes along without assistance, as .it will at the later driers, but I may turn on the air simi1ltaneously at all the driers, where I desire to use my invention. After the paper has passed-through the driers the strip is preferably allowed to run to waste for a short time to'make sure that it is properly dried and running smoothly at the preceding parts of the machine, before it is passed to the calenders, and as a practical matter, it is usual to widen out the strip and carry the full sheet through the driers for this purpose before it is passed to the calenders, but if this is done I prefer to form another lead strip 7 at the last drier and pass it through the calenders by the aid of my invention, either in the manner pointed out in my application, Serial No. 224,746, filed March 26, 1918, or in any other suitable manner involving my invention. After passing through the calenders, the lead strip is allowed to run through the floor until the entire width of the,paper has been passed through the calenders, as there is no advan tage in passing a narrow strip to the reel. By carrying along the lead strip step by step I avoid the trouble and waste of time caused in case the paper is not running properly at any point of the machine by the fact that poorly formed paper may be carried along and will very likely break in the driers and time will be required for clearing the driers; but so far as my process is concerned, if, the paper is coming along correctly formed from the wire, the 'air blast may .be turned .on simultaneously. at each point where it is needed,,and the paper may passstrai ht through the machine, after it has left t e wire, without handling by the machine tender. This completely automatic result however, is not necessary to my invention. A great part of the value of my invention is in the fact that the paper may be removed from each point of adhesion and deflected in the desired direction by the manipulation of the air blast, requiring no manual dexterity and little or no experience, with the result that the operating life, so to speak, of the machine tender is extended from the age when extreme manual dexterity is lost to almost-any age and men may be fitted for the work of tending the machines with very slight training, and speeds far beyond hat for which the mosthighly dexterous machine tender is fitted may be reached.

The force of the air blast used depends on the nature of the paper being made and the other conditions of manufacture. In the manufacture of paper at high speed. for

which, purpose alone it is necessary to use these automatic carrying over devlces, the best force to be employed may readily be determined by experiment, it being obvious that the minimum force which will carry the paper over properly is the best, as excessive force is likely to tear the paper. In the manufacture of newspaper of the ordinary strength, I find that a pressure of two to four pounds per square inch as shown by a pressure gage is ample at the Fourdrinier wire, and the same pressure is satisfactory at other parts of the machine. It is not necessary, however, to measure this in practice, because if sufficient power is provided in the pipe, it is only necessary for the attendant to turn on the blast until the required result is reached.

I claim as my invention:

1. That improvement in the art of. making paper on a papermaking machine which consists in forming a narrow lead strip on the web of paper and advancing it and directing blasts of air toward each other transverse to the line of movement of the narrow strip and. between the narrow strip and the part of the machine to which it is adherent in such a manner as to pass between the narrow strip and the roller or part of the machine to which it ,is adherent and from which it is desired to deflect the paper and to meet between the paper and said part to which it is adherent and to react against the backing at that point and to deflect the narrow web of paper from such point of adherence and to cause it to leave said oint of adherence and pass, with the aid of gravity and its own momentum, in the desired direction.

2. That improvement in the art of making paper on a papermaking machine which consists in taking off the paper web at the beginning of the operation of the machine or after a break, from a roll or part of the machine from which its adhesion must be broken, in the following manner: First, by forming a narrow lead strip of the paper at the'paper making wire, and then by directing blasts of air in opposed direction at opposite edges of the narrow strip transverse to its line of movement, in such a manner that the opposed air blasts will force their way between the paper and the roller or part of the machine with which the paper is in contact and from which its adhesion must be broken and will loosen its adhesion at such point of contact and meeting behind the narrow strip will break the adhesion 'of the paper at such point of contact and reactin against the roller or other material will deect the narrow strip outwardly and per- Zmit it to proceed by its own momentum, assisted by gravity, as desired.

3. A device for taking ofl" the lead strip of paper web from a part of a paper machine to which it is adherent consisting of air piping and two nozzles connected therewith "noz jzl'es being directed towardeachot direction transverse to theline of mow oi thepeperweb,

in" close proxi' w the lead strip the leaid strip will passbetween them by twoblasts 0: air

t efolldwingy narrow lead stri rneking wire; a' siir in op fose it ve p e e tween thestrip nd the wire,':it-approxi'- mately the pain where the strip leayesthe wthe pm from'which be removed and so yibe directe, pert towhich 1 adhesion tot r t y offthefpeperatthe pe wire and Wlll I sen its adheslonto'such polnt of'con and" will'm eet beh nd the narrow strip an breaktheedhesiori of; the

paper at such. povintofcontact and reacting geinst the wire and roller which forni" abutment l, deflect the narrow strip one Wardly dipj'ermititto proceedby its own I momentum'assisted by gravity, to thepress rollfelt; I v v i Q; a Eonrdrinier papermaking machine the combination with the Fonrdrlnie'r wire I end the roll around which it makes its traves 'it turnsnnder the machine, of a demcefforfforming a} narrow lead strip of paper and wldenm i 9 the same, anda device ng oil "the lead strip 'ofpap r f m "at said" roll, consisting of piping I we nozzles connected therewith, said being directed toward each other in a on transverse to'the line ofmovement b said nozzlesbeing placed close in the part from which the lead said nozzles being" placed 'l ihatibn t y means for fori'n lngh; lead 's'tripietljthe end of the well; means to deliver-opposed blasts A 1 of stir against the opposite: sid edgesbf the le'ad strip, which extend beneath the strip and 'ab'iit together, and lift the strip} free strip will passbetween thein; whereby two f blasts "of, air may be directed between the lead strip'and the: wire-to which itis (adherent and breakthefldhesionfof the lead strip to the wire and deflect 1t to enable ltto pass alongto the roll felt,

7; "In a paper meking machine, the chmmeans for-forming e leed'sftripfat' theend t ofFthe web, ineen's todelivenblast's"ofeir ageinst the opposite side edgesof' the l'ee'd stripywhiehnctto strip from 1 contact) wit'hilits support.

echinfe, the co'n'ilbination 'ofald'ecent tells? for the web;.

means feriormmg a armband offthe'web Inea'nsto "deliver I I J V ag'dins't*the oppdsiteside edges of the leed contact with itssupport aindecontrolyalve for"saidairfldeliyeringineansl the webgjmeans" to delii er foppos air against "the. oppositeside' edges th lead' stfip, sk'ithat said jstreams offdi w e er d f th ii fie contact with its"supportfelnd'essist '11'1' s p Egiting it in elevated position I while ""10; In at-paper niaking" inec ine t Le com 'ajdj acent rolls for the 3; web;

rrqm, contact withits 311 0 and ess'ist' in l i V I *positioniwhile'it is beinghl'ovedtoi the' next roll, said bla'st's su erting itin elevate of air also abutting against the adjacent parts endbeing deflected thereby essistin I movin the webforward. "11, n ajpaper making machine, the combination of adjacentYrolls 'for the web; means for forming 'a lead stripatthe end of the w ummovable Ineansadept'ed to be arrengedin proximity to one of said 9 rolls for delivering blasts of air against the l oppositeside edges of thelead" strip and act to'lift" said strip free from contact withits support, 12. In a neath the same, to lift the stri ee from contect with its support and assist in sup-- I gortn'ig it in elevated position while it is* eing movedtq'thenextlsnpporting i t;

In a imfi g achine,

aper making machine, the com binetion "0 adjacent, rolls for; the vweb, 3 means for forming a 'leedstrip atthe end I ofthe w b, and nozzles connected With-an air supply arranged in proximity to one'of the rolls for deliveringblestsof airegainst l v l, the opposite side edges of the strigand bebination of adjacent rolls for the web,

, opposite side edges of the strip and beneath the same to lift the strip free from contact with its support and assist in supporting it in elevated position while it is being moved to the next roll. one of said nozzles being movable with respect to the other to widen the space between them and provide for a strip of correspondingly increased width.

14. In a paper making machine. the combination of adjacent rolls for the web. means for forming a lead strip at the end of the web. and nozzles connected with an air snp plv arranged in proximity to one of the rolls for delivering blasts of air against the opposite side edges of the strip and beneath the same to lift the strip free from contact with its supportand assist in supporting it in elevated position while it is being moved to the next rol]. one of said nozzles being slidablv connected with its support whereby it may be moved to provide for variations in the width of the strip.

15. In a paper making machine. the combination of adjacent rolls for the web. means for forming a lead strip at the end of the web. and nozzles connected with an air snpplv arranged in proximit) to one of the rolls for delivering blasts of air against the opposite side edges of the strip and beneath the same to rupture the strip and lift an end portion thereof free from contact with its support and assist in supporting said end portion in elevated position while it is being moved to the. next supporting point.

16. In a paper making machine. the combination of adjacent rolls for the web. means for forming a new end portion on the web including a long narrow lead strip said means being shiftable transversely with respect to the web. whereby the width of portions of the newly formed end portions may be varied. and means for delivering blasts of air against the opposite side edges of the strip. said means being capable of'transverse adjustment whereby the blasts will engage the opposite edges of the strip at portions thereof of di tl'erent widths and will also pass beneath the strip to assist in supporting the strip in elevated position while it is being moved to the next supporting point.

1?. In a paper making machine. the com bination of adjacent roll for the web. means for'forming a lead strip at the end of the web. means adapted to be arranged in proximity to one of said rolls for deliveringblasts of air against the opposite side edges of the lead strip which act to lift said lead strip free from contact with its support, and a movable frame bearing said means which is movable on its pivot to shift the position of said means into and out of engaging position.

18. In av paper making machine, the combination with a conch-roll, a paper making wire. a felt roll arranged adjacent the couchroll. of means to form a long narrow lead strip at the end of the paper web on the wire. means to provide twoblasts of air for engagement with the opposite side edges of the lead strip and which pass beneath said strip and act to lift" said strip free from contact with the wire and assist in supporting it in elevated position while it is being moved to the felt roll.

1!). In a paper making machine, the combination with a conch-roll. a paper making wire. a felt roll a rrangcd adjacent the couchroll, of means to form a long narrow lead strip at the end of the paper web on the wire. means to provide two opposed blasts of air arranged for engagement with the opposite side edges of the lead strip and which pass beneath said lead strip and abut against each other to lift. said strip free from contact with the wire and assist in supporting it in elevated position while it. is being moved to the felt roll.

20. In a paper making machine, the combination with a conch-roll. a paper making wire. a felt roll arranged adjacent the couchroll of means to form a. long narrow lead strip at the end of the paper web on the wire, means to provide two blasts of air for engagement with the opposite side edges of the lead strip and which pass beneath said strip and act to lift said strip free from contact with the wire and assist in supporting it in elevated position while it. is being moved to the felt roll. said means being movable i'nto aml out of engaging position, and a control valve for said means. t

In testin'iony whereof, I have signed my .name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES E. POPE.

\Vitnesses 'lnmnl II. Snavnn (Ann V. S'rocmvELL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents.

wllhlnflon, D. 0. 

